REFERENCE LIST

A&E Magazine. (2022). The Legacy of Balenciaga - A&E Magazine. [online] Available at: https://aeworld.com/fashion/the-legacy-of-balenciaga/ [Accessed 3 March 2023].

Achabou, M.A., Dekhili, S. and Codini, A.P. (2020), "Consumer preferences towards animal-friendly fashion products: an application to the Italian market", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 37 No. 6, pp. 661-673. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-10-2018-2908

Adegeest, D-A. (2022). Kering tackles greenwashing with new guidelines. [online] FashionUnited. Available at: https://fashionunited.com/news/fashion/kering-tackles-greenwashing-with-new-guidelines/2022101150119 [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Advertising Standards Authority | Committee of Advertising Practice (2020). Sexualised Imagery in fashion ads. [online] Asa.org.uk. Available at: https://www.asa.org.uk/news/sexualised-imagery-in-fashion-ads.html [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Ahmad, W., Muhammad, R., Waheed, A., Sun, H. and Shah, A. (2023). Determinants of CSR and green purchase intention: Mediating role of customer green psychology during COVID-19 pandemic. [online] 389, pp.135888–135888. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.135888.

Ahmed, O. (2022). Balenciaga’s show captured a world in crisis. [online] Vice.com. Available at: https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/88ge5a/balenciagas-aw22-show-captured-a-country-in-crisis [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Alderman, K., Devillard, S., Nolen Foushee, S., Grunberg, J., Gupta, H., Hunter, E. and Schmidt, J. (2022). Winners take all in global apparel, fashion, and luxury. [online] McKinsey & Company. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/winners-take-all-in-global-apparel-fashion-and-luxury [Accessed 3 April 2023].

‌Aleem, A., Loureiro, S.M.C. and Bilro, R.G. (2022), "Luxury fashion consumption: a review, synthesis and research agenda", Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-06-2021-0105

Alonso, T. (2019). Balenciaga outlines gender equality and sustainability efforts. [online] FashionNetwork.com. Available at: https://us.fashionnetwork.com/news/Balenciaga-outlines-gender-equality-and-sustainability-efforts,1160254.html#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIn%202019%2C%204%25%20of,of%20our%20commitment%20to%20employees.%20%E2%80%9D [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Amed, I. and Berg, A. (2022). The State of Fashion 2023: Resilience in the Face of Uncertainty. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/reports/news-analysis/the-state-of-fashion-2023-industry-report-bof-mckinsey/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

‌Amy de Klerk (2021). The latest Crocs x Balenciaga collaboration features a stiletto. [online] Harper’s BAZAAR. Available at: https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a36694167/crocs-balenciaga-high-heel/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

‌Anyanwu, O. (2021). Balenciaga and Fortnite Debut Physical, Digital Collections and World. [online] WWD. Available at: https://wwd.com/feature/balenciaga-and-fortnite-debut-physical-digital-collections-and-hub-1234930335/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

‌Archer, H. (2023). What Is Quiet Luxury And Why Is The Trend Louder Than Ever? [online] Available at: https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/trends/a43449527/quiet-luxury/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Armstrong, G. and Kotler, P. (2022) Marketing: an Introduction, Global Edition, Pearson Education, Limited, Harlow. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [Accessed 18 February 2023].

Arpizio, C. and Levato, F. (2021). The Millennial State of Mind: Digital is reshaping how luxury is purchased across generations. Bain Media Pack. [online] Available at: https://www.bain.com/contentassets/0b0b0e19099a448e83af2fb53a5630aa/bain20media20pack_the_millennial_state_of_mind.pdf. [Accessed 12 March 2023].

Assim, G. (2023). Fashion Law. [online] Available at: https://www.globallegalpost.com/lawoverborders/fashion-law-2116409480/united-kingdom-1579661113 [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Atti, M. (2022). Council Post: The Luxury Marketing Conundrum: From Aspirational To Inspirational. Forbes. [online] 10 May. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2022/05/09/the-luxury-marketing-conundrum-from-aspirational-to-inspirational/ [Accessed 10 March 2023].

Avallone, A. (2022). Balenciaga | The definition of luxury according to Generation Z - Hypercritic. [online] Hypercritic. Available at: https://hypercritic.org/balenciaga-definition-of-luxury-according-to-generation-z/ [Accessed 10 March 2023].

Bain, M. (2022). Luxury’s Customer Experience Is Getting a Tech Upgrade. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/technology/state-of-fashion-technology-report-luxury-brands-customer-experience/ [Accessed 12 March 2023].

‌Bain, M. and Miller, D.-Y. (2022). Balenciaga Cuts Ties With Ye. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/luxury/balenciaga-cuts-ties-with-kanye-west/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Balda, A. (2022). Balenciaga, licensee of Maison Vionnet. Journal of Design History. [online] doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jdh/epac046.

Balda, A. (2023). Balenciaga and the Importance of Creativity in Human Flourishing. In: Las Heras, M., Grau Grau, M., Rofcanin, Y. (eds) Human Flourishing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09786-7_12

Balenciaga.com. (2023). Women’s Ready-To-Wear | Women’s Fashion. [online] Available at: https://www.balenciaga.com/en-gb/women/clothing/view-all?srule=PriceDescending&start=0&sz=12&prefn1=akeneo_markDownInto&prefn2=countryInclusion&prefv1=no_season&prefv2=GB&plp=true [Accessed 4 March 2023].

Banks-Walker, H. (2022). Does The Fashion Industry Care About Body Diversity Yet? [online] Glamour UK. Available at: https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/fashion-industry-body-diversity-opinion [Accessed 15 March 2023]

Barbieri, M. (2022). Council Post: How New Luxury Brands Can Use Time As A Competitive Edge. Forbes. [online] 7 Dec. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2022/12/06/how-new-luxury-brands-can-use-time-as-a-competitive-edge/ [Accessed 15 March 2023].

Beauloye, F E. (2023). The 15 Most Popular Luxury Brands Online. [online] Luxe Digital. Available at: https://luxe.digital/business/digital-luxury-ranking/most-popular-luxury-brands/ [Accessed 24 May 2023].

Beauloye, F-E (2023). The Future Of Luxury: 7 Trends To Stay Ahead In 2023. [online] Luxe Digital. Available at: https://luxe.digital/business/digital-luxury-trends/luxury-future-trends/ [Accessed 29 March 2023].

Beauloye, F.E. (2023). When Streetwear And Social Media Hype Win Over Luxury Fashion. [online] Luxe Digital. Available at: https://luxe.digital/business/digital-luxury-reports/when-streetwear-and-social-media-hype-win-over-luxury-fashion/ [Accessed 16 March 2023].

Bellezza, S. (2022). Distance and Alternative Signals of Status: A Unifying Framework. Journal of Consumer Research. [online] doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucac049.

‌Benissan, E. (2022). Balenciaga presses go on resale following successful pilot. [online] Vogue Business. Available at: https://www.voguebusiness.com/fashion/balenciaga-presses-go-on-resale-following-successful-pilot [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Benissan, E. (2023). Gen Z will drive explosive growth in secondhand sales, says Thredup. [online] Vogue Business. Available at: https://www.voguebusiness.com/sustainability/gen-z-will-drive-explosive-growth-in-secondhand-sales-says-thredup#:~:text=The%20global%20secondhand%20market%20is,to%20online%20secondhand%20platform%20Thredup. [Accessed 26 April 2023].

‌Bennett, A. (2022). The Yeezy Gap Engineered by Balenciaga Collection Is Available to Shop. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/yeezy-gap-engineered-by-balenciaga [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Binkley, C. and Shoaib, M. (2022). The price of provocation: What’s next for Balenciaga? [online] Vogue Business. Available at: https://www.voguebusiness.com/fashion/the-price-of-provocation-whats-next-for-balenciaga [Accessed 17 March 2023].

‌Blanks, T. (2021). Fashion’s Favourite-Ever Collaboration: Balenciaga and ‘The Simpsons’. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/reviews/fashion-week/fashions-favourite-ever-collaboration-balenciaga-and-the-simpsons/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Bloomberg (2022). Gen-Z Is ‘Shopping to Sell’ Luxury Brands as an Inflation Hack. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/luxury/gen-z-is-shopping-to-sell-luxury-brands-as-an-inflation-hack/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

BoF Insights (2023). The Evolving Art of Luxury Experiential Retail | BoF Insights. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/reports/retail/bof-insights-luxury-experiential-retail-development-carbonleo-royalmount/ [Accessed 9 May 2023].

‌Borrelli-Persson, L. (2020). Viva Balenciaga Couture! 31 Masterworks by the House Founder. [online] Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.com/slideshow/couture-designs-by-cristobal-balenciaga-in-vogue-from-the-archives [Accessed 26 February 2023].

‌Brain, E. (2021). Balenciaga Presents Dystopian Fall 2021 Campaign. [online] Hypebeast. Available at: https://hypebeast.com/2021/6/balenciaga-fall-2021-campaign-video-game-watch-quantic-dream-motion-vr-demna-gvasalia [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Brain, E. (2022). What Will Streetwear’s Biggest Trends Be in 2023? [online] Hypebeast. Available at: https://hypebeast.com/2022/12/streetwear-trends-2023-supreme-palace-football-jerseys-moto-jackets-edited-research [Accessed 20 February 2023].

‌Brain, E. (2023). Is Balenciaga x adidas Returning? [online] Hypebeast. Available at: https://hypebeast.com/2023/3/adidas-balenciaga-collaboration-demna-rumors-track-sneaker-forum-high [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Braun, J. (2022). Balenciaga debuts spring 23 campaign, introduces ‘Garde-Robe’. [online] FashionNetwork.com. Available at: https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Balenciaga-debuts-spring-23-campaign-introduces-garde-robe-,1461039.html [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Brooke, S. (2022). Which luxury brands have entered the metaverse? - Raconteur. [online] Raconteur. Available at: https://www.raconteur.net/technology/luxury-goods-crypto-nfts-metaverse/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Bui, M. (2023). Shaping e-commerce experiences for luxury brands. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/bestprac/shaping-e-commerce-experiences-for-luxury-brands/149866 [Accessed 20 April 2023].

Business of Fashion Team and McKinsey & Company. (2022). The Year Ahead: The World’s Fragile State and What It Means for Fashion. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/global-markets/the-state-of-fashion-2023-report-global-economy-inflation/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Businesswire. (2023). Saks Luxury Pulse Finds Consumers Have Appetite to Spend on Luxury. [online] Available at: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230306005044/en/Saks-Luxury-Pulse-Finds-Consumers-Have-Appetite-to-Spend-on-Luxury [Accessed 15 March 2023].

‌Butler-Young, S. (2022). How Fashion’s Relationship With Buy Now, Pay Later Is Changing. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/technology/how-fashions-relationship-with-buy-now-pay-later-is-changing/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

CACI. (2020). Acorn User Guide. [online] Available at: https://www.caci.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Acorn-User-Guide-2020.pdf [Accessed 14 March 2023]

‌Caci.co.uk. (2023). Acorn - Understanding consumer segmentation, demographic data | CACI. [online] Available at: https://acorn.caci.co.uk/what-is-acorn [Accessed 13 March 2023].

Campaigner. (2022). Powerful Email Marketing Automation | Campaigner. [online] Available at: https://try.campaigner.com/powerful-email-marketing/?utm_source=referral&utm_medium=sponsor&utm_campaign=MVF&utm_content=ppc&aclid=Z0dVc3AAMEhhBYNHkDxZ&apid=OEFnPQ&asid=NO_SESSION_COOKIE&aref=https%3A%2F%2Fappwiki.nl&atemp=default [Accessed 30 May 2023].

Carroll, N. (2022). Former Tesco brand boss Michelle McEttrick named Primark’s first chief customer officer. [online] Marketing Week. Available at: https://www.marketingweek.com/tesco-mcettrick-primark-customer/ [Accessed 26 May 2023].

‌Cary, A. (2021). Gucci’s ‘Hacking’ Of Balenciaga Is Finally Available To Shop. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/gucci-balenciaga-aw21 [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Centobelli, P., Abbate, S., Nadeem, S P. and Kumar, V. (2022). Slowing the fast fashion industry: An all-round perspective. [online] 38, pp.100684–100684. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100684.

Cernansky, R. (2023). Science-based targets for nature are here. What does it mean for fashion? [online] Vogue Business. Available at: https://www.voguebusiness.com/sustainability/science-based-targets-for-nature-are-here-what-does-it-mean-for-fashion [Accessed 25 May 2023].

‌Chacko, A. (2023). The role of artificial intelligence in marketing. [online] Sprout Social. Available at: https://sproutsocial.com/insights/ai-marketing/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Chan, E. (2023). Is Greenhushing The New Greenwashing? [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/what-is-greenhushing [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Cheetham, M. (2023). Data, diversification and digital spaces: Direct-to-consumer marketing trends in 2023. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/warc-trends/data-diversification-and-digital-spaces-direct-to-consumer-marketing-trends-in-2023/149070 [Accessed 16 March 2023].

CIPD. (2023). CIPD | PESTLE Analysis. [online] Available at: https://www.cipd.org/uk/knowledge/factsheets/pestle-analysis-factsheet/#:~:text=A%20PESTLE%20analysis%20studies%20the,Environmental)%20that%20influence%20an%20organisation. [Accessed 2 March 2023].

Cirillo, J. (2022). See What Frank Ocean, Chloe Sevigny, Pharrell, and More Wore to Balenciaga’s NYC Fashion Show. [image] GQ. Available at: https://www.gq.com/gallery/balenciaga-street-style-may-2022 [Accessed 17 March 2023].

Clapp, R. (2022). 37% of brands to spend more on email marketing this year. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/warc-curated-datapoints/37-of-brands-to-spend-more-on-email-marketing-this-year/142584 [Accessed 18 April 2023].

Clark, J. (2020). Exhibiting Balenciaga. Cristobal Balenciaga Museoa [online] Available at: https://www.cristobalbalenciagamuseoa.com/default/documentos/525_en-.pdf

Clymo, A. (2023). Positive sales at Primark, Selfridges bid to save the planet and all the coffee you want for £20 a month? [online] Available at: https://www.bjss.com/industry-insights/retail-round-up [Accessed 14 March 2023].

Collins, L. (2023). The Button-Pushing Impresario of Balenciaga. [online] The New Yorker. Available at: https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/03/27/balenciagas-button-pusher [Accessed 1 April 2023].

Cristóbal Balenciaga Museoa (2018). Cristóbal Balenciaga Museoa - Trust. [online] Available at: https://x.cristobalbalenciagamuseoa.com/en/trust [Accessed 4 March 2023].

Cristóbal Balenciaga Museoa (2020). Cristóbal Balenciaga’s Creative Legacy. [online] Available at: file:///Users/bellasamuel-hallwood/Downloads/press_dossier.pdf [Accessed 21 February 2023]

Cristóbal Balenciaga Museoa (2023). Cristobal Balenciaga [online] Available at: https://www.cristobalbalenciagamuseoa.com/en/discover/cristobal-balenciaga/ [Accessed 5 March 2023].

Cristobalbalenciagamuseoa.com. (2018). Cristóbal Balenciaga Museoa - Tradition. [online] Available at: https://x.cristobalbalenciagamuseoa.com/en/tradition/ [Accessed 23 February 2023].

D’Arpizio, C and Levato, F. (2022). Global luxury goods market takes 2022 leap forward and remains poised for further growth despite economic turbulence. [online] Available at: https://www.bain.com/about/media-center/press-releases/2022/global-luxury-goods-market-takes-2022-leap-forward-and-remains-poised--for-further-growth-despite-economic-turbulence/ [Accessed 16 March 2023].

D’Arpizio, C., Levato, F., Prete, F. and De Montgolfier, J. (2023). Renaissance in Uncertainty: Luxury Builds on Its Rebound. [online] Available at: https://www.bain.com/insights/renaissance-in-uncertainty-luxury-builds-on-its-rebound/ [Accessed 26 February 2023]

‌Danforth, C. (2020). How Balenciaga Introduced Streetwear Codes to the World of Luxury. [online] Goat.com. Available at: https://www.goat.com/editorial/balenciaga-history [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Danforth, C. (2020). How Balenciaga Introduced Streetwear Codes to the World of Luxury. [online] Goat.com. Available at: https://www.goat.com/editorial/balenciaga-history [Accessed 15 March 2023].

Danziger, P. (2023). Luxury Brands Must Prepare For A Reset: Here’s The How And Why - Unity Marketing. [online] Unity Marketing. Available at: https://unitymarketingonline.com/luxury-brands-must-prepare-for-a-reset-heres-the-how-and-why/ [Accessed 2 March 2023].

Danziger, P. and Mount, C. (2023). HENRYs (High-Earners-Not-Rich-Yet) Archives - Page 2 of 13 - Unity Marketing. [online] Unity Marketing. Available at: https://unitymarketingonline.com/category/affluent-consumers/henrys-high-earners-not-rich-yet/page/2/ [Accessed 17 February 2023].

Danziger, P.N. (2021). Luxury Consumers Haven’t Gone ‘Post-Aspirational,’ Rather They Aspire For Different Things. Forbes. [online] 14 Mar. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/pamdanziger/2021/03/14/luxury-consumers-havent-gone-post-aspirational-rather-they-aspire-for-different-things/ [Accessed 19 February 2023].

‌Danziger, P.N. (2022). Balenciaga’s Teddy-Bear Ad Is A Warning Against Pushing Luxury Too Far. Forbes. [online] 28 Nov. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/pamdanziger/2022/11/25/balenciagas-teddy-bear-ad-is-a-warning-against-pushing-luxury-too-far/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Danziger, P.N. (2022). Forget Quality And Sustainability: High Price Drives Consumer Demand For Luxury Brands. Forbes. [online] 8 Nov. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/pamdanziger/2022/03/12/forget-quality-and-sustainability-high-price-drives-consumer-demand-for-luxury-brands/ [Accessed 19 May 2023].

Danziger, P.N. (2023). Luxury Brands Must Prepare For A ‘Richcession’. Forbes. [online] 22 Feb. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/pamdanziger/2023/02/21/luxury-brands-must-prepare-for-a-richcession/ [Accessed 10 March 2023].

Dark, A. (2023). Cristóbal Balenciaga’s Signature Looks - Balenciaga Dresses Sack Dress Balloon Jacket Egg. [online] L’Officiel USA. Available at: https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/cristobal-balenciaga-signature-looks-sack-dress-egg-coat [Accessed 19 February 2023].

Dass, C. (2023). Kering to name brand safety lead after Balenciaga controversy. [online] Available at: https://www.marketing-interactive.com/kering-to-name-brand-safety-lead-after-balenciaga-controversy [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Davis, D.-M. (2020). What brands does LVMH own? A look at 17 of the most iconic LVMH brands. [online] Business Insider. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/lvmh-brands-iconic-luxury-goods-bernard-arnault-2019-10?r=US&IR=T [Accessed 22 February 2023].

De Klerk, A. (2021). Alexander McQueen and Balenciaga will no longer use fur. [online] Harper’s BAZAAR. Available at: https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/fashion/fashion-news/a36000387/alexander-mcqueen-balenciaga-fur/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌De La Cruz, S. (2022). The Royal Opera House Taps Balenciaga for a Play About Kurt Cobain. [online] Hypebae. Available at: https://hypebae.com/2022/10/the-royal-opera-house-last-days-kurt-cobain-balenciaga-costumes-details [Accessed 28 May 2023].

‌De La Cruz, S. (2023). Here’s What Went Down at Decentraland’s Second Metaverse Fashion Week. [online] Hypebae. Available at: https://hypebae.com/2023/4/metaverse-fashion-week-decentraland-web3-coach-dkny-tommy-hilfiger [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Dellatto, M. (2022). Kanye West Dropped By Balenciaga—First Company To Sever Ties Amid Controversy. Forbes. [online] 23 Oct. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/marisadellatto/2022/10/21/balenciaga-severs-ties-with-kanye-west/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Deloitte. (2022) Global Powers of Luxury Goods 2022 A new wave of enthusiasm in luxury Contents. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cr/Documents/consumer-business/2022/global-powers-of-luxury-goods.pdf. [Accessed 7 March 2023]

DePino, F. (2023). How to Build a Luxury Brand. [online] Mediaboom. Available at: https://mediaboom.com/news/how-to-build-a-luxury-brand/ [Accessed 20 May 2023].

Depino, F. (2023). Luxury Brand Ranking – Unveiling the Ultimate Luxury Icons. [online] Mediaboom. Available at: https://mediaboom.com/news/luxury-brand-ranking/ [Accessed 18 May 2023].

‌Dipnarine, C. (2022). Council Post: Actionable Ways Organizations Can Use The Four-Pillar Approach To Sustainability. Forbes. [online] 19 Oct. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesnonprofitcouncil/2022/10/18/actionable-ways-organizations-can-use-the-four-pillar-approach-to-sustainability/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Dirix, E. (2022). Little Book of Balenciaga: The story of the iconic fashion house. London: Welbeck.

‌Dirvanauskas, G. (2023). Drapers data: Fashion companies failing on gender equality. [online] Drapers. Available at: https://www.drapersonline.com/insight/analysis/drapers-research-fashion-companies-failing-on-gender-equalitywomen-on-the-boards-of-fashion-retail-dips [Accessed 16 March 2023].

‌Douglass, R. (2022). Balenciaga to partner with The Royal Opera House on Cobain-inspired show. [online] FashionUnited. Available at: https://fashionunited.uk/news/culture/balenciaga-to-partner-with-the-royal-opera-house-on-cobain-inspired-show/2022101065584 [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Douglass, R. (2023). Customers sustain interest in luxury according to Saks Luxury Pulse. [online] FashionUnited. Available at: https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/customers-sustain-interest-in-luxury-according-to-saks-luxury-pulse/2023030768299 [Accessed 10 March 2023].

Dubois, D., Jung, S. and Nailya Ordabayeva (2021). The psychology of luxury consumption. [online] 39, pp.82–87. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.011.

DuPont, H. (2021). Chapter 5– Dior’s Strengths from a Resource-Based View. [online] Medium. Available at: https://dupontharrison-49287.medium.com/chapter-5-diors-strengths-from-a-resource-based-view-89250f7fd0c6 [Accessed 11 March 2023].

Eilber, J. (2021). “Balenciaga and the American fashion editors who shared his private world: Bettina Ballard, Carmel Snow, and Diana Vreeland.” Balda, Ana (ed.) I International Cristóbal Balenciaga Conference Proceedings. Getaria: Cristóbal Balenciaga Foundation, 51-63.

Einstein, I. (2022). Balenciaga Goes Back to the Future. [online] Available at: http://officemagazine.net/balenciaga-goes-back-future [Accessed 4 March 2023].

Emerson, G. (1972). Unimpressed by Success (Published 1972). (2023). The New York Times. [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/1972/03/25/archives/unimpressed-by-success.html [Accessed 9 March 2023].

‌Euromonitor International (2022). DEI in Luxury and Fashion: What’s Here and What’s Next. [online] Apple Podcasts. Available at: https://podcasts.apple.com/au/podcast/dei-in-luxury-and-fashion-whats-here-and-whats-next/id365006847?i=1000576132389 [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Euromonitor International. (2022). Global wealth and luxury. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/euromonitor-strategy/global-wealth-and-luxury/147163 [Accessed 16 March 2023].

Euromonitor International. (2023). Top 10 global consumer trends 2023. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/euromonitor-strategy/top-10-global-consumer-trends-2023/149356 [Accessed 7 March 2023].

Experian (2020). Mosaic Shopper Segments E-Handbook| The consumer classification of shopper. [online] Available at: file:///Users/bellasamuel-hallwood/Downloads/113_109_Mosaic%20Shopper%20Segments%20E-Handbook%20(2).pdf [Accessed 13 March 2023]

Experian Marketing Services. (2023). Demographic Segmentation Overview | Experian Marketing Services. [online] Available at: https://www.experian.com/blogs/marketing-forward/what-factors-play-a-role-in-demographic-segmentation/ [Accessed 16 February 2023].

‌FashionUnited. (2020). Most valuable fashion brands. [online] Available at: https://fashionunited.com/i/most-valuable-fashion-brands [Accessed 27 February 2023].

FashionUnited. (2021). Global Fashion Industry Statistics. [online] Available at: https://fashionunited.com/global-fashion-industry-statistics [Accessed 20 February 2023].

FIT. (2022). Dior + Balenciaga: The Kings of Couture and Their Legacies. [online] Available at: https://www.fitnyc.edu/museum/exhibitions/dior-balenciaga.php [Accessed 15 February 2023].

FIT. (2022). Dior + Balenciaga: The Kings of Couture and Their Legacies. [online] Available at: https://www.fitnyc.edu/museum/exhibitions/dior-balenciaga.php [Accessed 17 March 2023].

Flannels (2023). Balenciaga | Flannels. [online] Available at: https://www.flannels.com/balenciaga [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Florine Eppe Beauloye (2022). The Future Of Luxury: 7 Trends To Stay Ahead In 2022. [online] Luxe Digital. Available at: https://luxe.digital/business/digital-luxury-trends/luxury-future-trends-2022/#cite_note-1 [Accessed 1 March 2023].

Forbes.com. (2023) Kering | Company Overview & News. Forbes. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/companies/kering/ [Accessed 10 March 2023].

Friedman, V. (2021). From Mona von Bismarck to Kanye West: the Triumphant Rebirth of Balenciaga Couture The New York Times. [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/08/style/balenciaga-gaultier-couture.html [Accessed 14 March 2023].

Fury, A. (2021). Inside Demna Gvasalia’s Revival of Balenciaga Couture. [online] AnOther. Available at: https://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/13571/balenciaga-couture-demna-gvasalia-ss22-collection-ola-rindal-alexander-fury [Accessed 12 March 2023].

Gallagher, J. (2022). Balenciaga’s CEO on ‘The Simpsons,’ Kim Kardashian and Cryptocurrency. [online] WSJ. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/balenciaga-show-new-york-demna-kim-kardashian-11653044686 [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Gigauri, I. (2019). Perceptual Mapping as a Marketing Research Tool for Brand Positioning. [online] ResearchGate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334089201_Perceptual_Mapping_as_a_Marketing_Research_Tool_for_Brand_Positioning [Accessed 10 March 2023].

Gilsenan, K. (2021). Affluent consumers: tapping into the wealthiest segment - GWI. [online] GWI. Available at: https://blog.gwi.com/trends/targeting-affluent-consumers/ [Accessed 26 February 2023].

GlobalData Plc (2020). Christian Dior SEExecutive & Employee Information. [online] Globaldata.com. Available at: https://www.globaldata.com/company-profile/christian-dior-se/executives/ [Accessed 20 March 2023].

Goldfingle, G. (2022). Primark may be late to the online party but it could bring fizz. [online] Available at: https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2022/06/primark-may-be-late-to-the-online-party-but-it-could-bring-fizz/ [Accessed 12 March 2023].

Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A. (2020). Why Primark doesn’t need online, a financial analyst’s view. [online] FashionUnited. Available at: https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/why-primark-doesn-t-need-online-a-financial-analyst-s-view/2020062749577 [Accessed 26 May 2023].

‌Good On You. (2021). How Ethical Is Balenciaga? - Good On You. [online] Available at: https://goodonyou.eco/how-ethical-is-balenciaga/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Good On You. (2021). How Ethical Is Primark? - Good On You. [online] Available at: https://goodonyou.eco/how-ethical-is-primark/ [Accessed 10 March 2023].

Google Arts & Culture. (2016). Balenciaga: Master Craftsman - Google Arts & Culture. [online] Available at: https://artsandculture.google.com/story/balenciaga-master-craftsman-victoria-and-albert-museum/TQUhvb9hDv4rJQ?hl=en [Accessed 18 February 2023].

Gorian, K. (2023). Resurgence: Balenciaga Fall/Winter 2023-24 – The Walk. [online] The Walk. Available at: https://www.thewalk.com.mx/resurgence-balenciaga-fall-winter-2023-24/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Graziano, G. (2022). The History (and evolution) of Balenciaga - GLAM OBSERVER. [online] GLAM OBSERVER. Available at: https://glamobserver.com/the-history-and-evolution-of-balenciaga/ [Accessed 21 March 2023].

‌Greenwood, D. (2019). Sales of these Balenciaga hoodies will raise money to solve world hunger. [online] Vice.com. Available at: https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/evjejp/sales-of-these-balenciaga-hoodies-will-raise-money-to-solve-world-hunger [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Grimes, C. (2022). Balenciaga Declares ‘Anybody Is Queer’ With Pride 2022 Campaign. [online] Hypebae. Available at: https://hypebae.com/2022/6/balenciaga-demna-gvasalia-anybody-is-queer-pride-campaign-release-info-where-to-buy [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Guevara, J. (2023). The Importance of Market Segmentation in the UK Market. [online] Available at: https://www.varsity.co.uk/sponsored/the-importance-of-market-segmentation-in-the-uk-market [Accessed 23 February 2023].

Haigh, R. (2023). Sustainability perceptions carry a financial value | WARC | The Feed. [online] Available at: https://www.warc.com/content/feed/sustainability-perceptions-carry-a-financial-value/en-GB/7732 [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Hall, C and Spencer, M. (2022). Gen Z poses a problem for the luxury industry. [online] Reuters. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/luxury-sneakers-may-be-step-too-far-cash-strapped-gen-z-2022-08-18/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Hall, C., Oladipo, D., Spencer, M. and Smith, A. (2022). Gen Z poses a problem for the luxury industry. [online] Reuters. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/luxury-sneakers-may-be-step-too-far-cash-strapped-gen-z-2022-08-18/ [Accessed 16 March 2023].

Halley, L. (2022). Marketing luxury brands in a cost-of-living crunch. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/warc-exclusive/marketing-luxury-brands-in-a-cost-of-living-crunch/146174 [Accessed 21 March 2023].

Halliday, S. (2022). Tough times dent luxury, shoppers buy high street, pre-owned and discount fashion. [online] FashionNetwork.com. Available at: https://ww.fashionnetwork.com/news/Tough-times-dent-luxury-shoppers-buy-high-street-pre-owned-and-discount-fashion,1456380.html [Accessed 13 March 2023].

‌Hammond, N. (2021). Gucci And Balenciaga: Buy Now From £170. [online] Grazia. Available at: https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/news/gucci-balenciaga-collaboration-100th-anniversary/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Hanlon, A. (2021). Smart Insights. [online] Available at: https://www.smartinsights.com/marketing-planning/create-a-marketing-plan/ansoff-model/ [Accessed 14 March 2023].

‌Hawthorne, E. and Hua, H. (2023). Ranking: The UK retailers with the biggest international sales. [online] Retail Week. Available at: https://www.retail-week.com/international-sales-ranking?authent=1 [Accessed 26 May 2023].

Hazan, J., Willersdorf, S., Bianchi, F. and Fassenot, B. (2022). Luxury Outlook 2022. [online] Available at: https://web-assets.bcg.com/e4/c4/5b3786d44055aa2b31749e98bd9e/bcg-and-comite-colbert-luxury-outlook-2022-final.pdf. [Accessed 21 February 2023].

Henderson, E. (2022). High street brands are pulling the wool over our eyes – by greenwashing. The Independent. [online] 29 Mar. Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/opinion/greenwashing-retailers-amazon-primark-b2039559.html [Accessed 19 March 2023].

Hernaez, F. (2023). Between clashes and desires: New motivators in luxury. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/warc-research/between-clashes-and-desires-new-motivators-in-luxury/149781 [Accessed 19 February 2023].

‌Hero. (2019). Balenciaga reveals its second collaboration with the World Food Programme – HERO. [online] Available at: https://hero-magazine.com/article/160121/balenciaga-reveal-its-second-collaboration-with-the-world-food-programme [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Hess, L. (2022). With ‘Last Days’, Kurt Cobain & Balenciaga Shake Up London’s Royal Opera House. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/arts-and-lifestyle/article/last-days-royal-opera-house [Accessed 28 May 2023].

High Snobiety (2021). Everything You Need to Know About Balenciaga. [online] Highsnobiety. Available at: https://www.highsnobiety.com/tag/balenciaga/#:~:text=2021%2D%202022&text=Fortnite%20and%20Balenciaga%20drop%20a,and%20drops%20another%20Crocs%20collaboration. [Accessed 24 February 2023].

HighSnobiety & BCG (2023). Navigating what’s next – a pulse check of the luxury consumer. [online] Available at: https://mailchi.mp/highsnobiety.com/whitepaper-download [Accessed 24 February 2023]

HighSnobiety. (2022). All the Cool Girls Are Wearing Balenciaga. [online] Available at: https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/balenciaga-celebrites-kim-kardashian-hailey-bieber/ [Accessed 19 February 2023].

Humane Society International. (2021). Luxury designers Alexander McQueen and Balenciaga announce fur-free policies - Humane Society International. [online] Available at: https://www.hsi.org/news-resources/alexander-mcqueen-and-balenciaga-announce-fur-free-policies/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Innes, M. (2023). ‘There’s a desire for real life things’: Primark’s marketing boss on the strength of the high street. [online] Marketing Week. Available at: https://www.marketingweek.com/primark-marketing-boss-strength-high-street/ [Accessed 17 April 2023].

Institut Français De la Mode. (2022). Sustainability in the customer journey with Balenciaga (IFM-Kering Fashion Sustainability 2022). YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZUQhUimWgc [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Investopedia. (2023). Porter’s 5 Forces Explained and How to Use the Model. [online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/porter.asp [Accessed 31 March 2023].

Irvine, S. (2017). King of couture: the genius of Cristóbal Balenciaga. [online] FinancialTimes. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/1f87a2fe-3580-11e7-99bd-13beb0903fa3 [Accessed 26 February 2023].

‌Issawi, D. (2023). What to Know About the Balenciaga Ad Scandal. [online] The Cut. Available at: https://www.thecut.com/article/what-to-know-about-the-balenciaga-ad-scandal.html [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Jeeawody, F. (2023). As consumers trade down, can your brand trade up to luxury status? [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/warc-exclusive/as-consumers-trade-down-can-your-brand-trade-up-to-luxury-status/149843 [Accessed 16 April 2023].

‌Johnston, M. (2023). 6 Companies Owned by LVMH (Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE). [online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/insights/081816/top-7-companies-owned-louis-vuitton-lvmuy.asp#:~:text=Italian%20luxury%20fashion%20house%20Fendi,a%20majority%20stakeholder%20in%202001. [Accessed 8 March 2023].

Jones, B. (2022). Primark shares secrets of its huge success as a retailer. [online] WalesOnline. Available at: https://www.walesonline.co.uk/whats-on/shopping/primark-shares-secrets-success-including-23772087 [Accessed 26 May 2023]

‌Jun, M., Han, J., Zhou, Z. and Eisingerich, A.B. (2023). When is celebrity endorsement effective? Exploring the role of celebrity endorsers in enhancing key brand associations. [online] 164, pp.113951–113951. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113951.

Jun, M., Han, J., Zhou, Z. and Eisingerich, A.B. (2023). When is celebrity endorsement effective? Exploring the role of celebrity endorsers in enhancing key brand associations. [online] 164, pp.113951–113951. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113951.

Junming, Z and Calvert, G. (2022). Luxury fashion marketing: Tapping into Gen Z’s senses and psychology. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/newsandopinion/opinion/luxury-fashion-marketing-tapping-into-gen-zs-senses-and-psychology/en-gb/5689 [Accessed 28 March 2023].

‌Kantar (2022). Luxury Brands Withstand Economic Downturn. [online] Available at: https://www.kantar.com/en-cn/inspiration/brands/2022-global-brandz-luxury-brands-withstand-economic-downturn [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Kantar. (2021). Authentically connecting your brand with Gen Z and Millennials. [online] Available at: https://www.kantar.com/inspiration/brands/2022-authentically-connecting-your-brand-with-gen-z-and-millennials [Accessed 16 February 2023].

Keeble, S., Wachman, D., Henry, G., Russel, M. (2022). State of Luxe [online] VERB Brands. Available at: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vSW5o0PyZ7kC-bwZwQWgRUd35k8IakTXRD2ThMYv23cciPW_7RzwiaLozlJHavmJmHXAuR4qbZp4zcB/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000&_hsmi=236232999&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-8xn2I7Hu2fNP1M8tlAZKXW01Mb4NixwO5ppFmz-GyMCKkVyYHQJCD13xihDJAtpDgSBCKvP2-ZuUcyjUauUtG8eGqp02K4gql07d3WT6_NhInmaO2HDxfq_ew6-7MOmmiDxF9e&slide=id.g1948914bd23_0_24

‌Kelly, D. (2021). Balenciaga Partners With Fortnite On In-Game and IRL Outfits. [online] Hypebeast. Available at: https://hypebeast.com/2021/9/balenciaga-fortnite-outfits-collaboration-apparel-collection [Accessed 28 May 2023].

‌Kent, S. (2022). Balenciaga Launches Resale Programme. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/sustainability/balenciaga-launch-resale-kering-circularity-sustainability-second-hand/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Kent, S. (2022). Patagonia, Reformation Back Toughened New York Fashion Act. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/sustainability/patagonia-reformation-back-toughened-new-york-fashion-act/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Kering (2021). Kering Goes Entirely Fur Free. [online] Kering.com. Available at: https://www.kering.com/en/news/kering-goes-entirely-fur-free [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Kering (2022). Brand history: Balenciaga. [online] Kering.com. Available at: https://www.kering.com/en/houses/couture-and-leather-goods/balenciaga/history/ [Accessed 27 February 2023].

‌Kering (2023). Kering recognized in the 2023 Bloomberg Gender-Equality Index. [online] Kering.com. Available at: https://www.kering.com/en/news/kering-recognized-for-its-commitments-to-supporting-gender-diversity-in-the-2023-bloomberg-gender-equality-index [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Kering (2023). Very solid 2022 performances, mixed fourth quarter. [online] Kering.com. Available at: https://www.kering.com/en/news/very-solid-2022-performances-mixed-fourth-quarter [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Kessler, A. (2022). It’s Already Been A Big Year For Balenciaga. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/gallery/celebrity-balenciaga-outfits [Accessed 9 March 2023].

Kessler, A. (2022). It’s Already Been A Big Year For Balenciaga. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/gallery/celebrity-balenciaga-outfits [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Khaliq, Z. (2022). Primark launches click and collect in 25 stores today - see list of locations. [online] mirror. Available at: https://www.mirror.co.uk/money/primark-launches-click-collect-25-28482709 [Accessed 15 April 2023].

Kim, K.-H., Han, S.-L., Jang, Y-Y and Shin, Y-C. (2020). The Effects of the Antecedents of ‘Buy-Online-Pick-Up-In-Store’ Service on Consumer’s BOPIS Choice Behaviour. [online] 12(23), pp.9989–9989. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239989.

Kim, W. (2023). Dior, Tiffany, Le Creuset: Why we’re buying luxury goods like crazy. [online] Vox. Available at: https://www.vox.com/money/23728283/luxury-designer-boom-nike-lvmh-pandemic-le-creuset [Accessed 23 May 2023].

‌Kim, Y. (2022). Adidas Pauses Balenciaga Collaboration Launches ‘Until Further Notice’. [online] Hypebae. Available at: https://hypebae.com/2022/12/adidas-re-evaluating-balenciaga-partnership-launches-paused-info [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Klarna (2023). The State of Smooth: Unpacking Luxury in 2022. [online] Klarna for Business. Available at: https://www.klarna.com/assets/sites/2/2022/01/18104911/LuxuryReport_US-2.pdf [Accessed 2 March 2023]

‌Klasa, A. (2023). Kering sales hit by weaker Gucci performance in China and Balenciaga controversy. [online] @FinancialTimes. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/4b05e651-ed20-47b4-9a6f-5e632ebe8fc1 [Accessed 2 March 2023].

Kotler, P. and Keller, K. (2021) Marketing Management, Global Edition, Pearson Education, Limited, Harlow. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [Accessed 20 February 2023].

‌KPMG. (2022). Russia and Ukraine conflict: Economic implications. [online] Available at: https://kpmg.com/xx/en/home/insights/2022/03/russia-and-ukraine-conflict-chief-economist-team.html [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Kunst, A. (2023). American who owned Balenciaga fashion or accessories 2018, by income. Statista. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/689362/affluent-americans-who-own-balenciaga-brand-apparel-accessories-footwear/ [Accessed 1 March 2023].

‌Lambert, B. (2023). ‘Five minutes into the office and I knew that what had looked OK in my bedroom mirror was not cutting it’. [online] The Telegraph. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/fashion/style/what-wear-when-back-office-first-time-15-years/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Lannevere, V. (2022). Creating luxury experiences in an omnichannel world. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/warc-exclusive/creating-luxury-experiences-in-an-omnichannel-world/en-gb/142787 [Accessed 19 March 2023]

Lee, H., Rothenberg, L. and Xu, Y. (2020), "Young luxury fashion consumers' preferences in multi-channel environment", International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 48 No. 3, pp. 244-261. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-11-2018-0253

‌Leitch, L. (2022). Balenciaga takes a position: Demna talks standing up for Ukraine. [online] Vogue Business. Available at: https://www.voguebusiness.com/fashion/balenciaga-takes-a-position-demna-talks-standing-up-for-ukraine [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Leung, A. (2021). Balenciaga Drops Its Hulk Capsule With Marvel. [online] Hypebeast. Available at: https://hypebeast.com/2021/8/balenciaga-hulk-capsule-release [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Li, J. (2022). Balenciaga Will Now Accept Cryptocurrency Payments. [online] Hypebeast. Available at: https://hypebeast.com/2022/5/balenciaga-accepting-cryptocurrency-payments [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Li, N. (2023). By Balenciaga AI-Generated Videos are Taking Over the Internet. [online] Hypebeast. Available at: https://hypebeast.com/2023/5/by-balenciaga-ai-generated-videos-batman-marvel-dc-harry-potter-star-wars [Accessed 10 May 2023].

Linder, M. (2023). Digital brand experience in a luxury world: VR, AR and beyond | WARC. [online] Available at: https://www.warc.com/content/paywall/article/warc-exclusive/digital-brand-experience-in-a-luxury-world-vr-ar-and-beyond/en-GB/149292? [Accessed 15 March 2023].

Loeb, W. (2021). Why Primark’s Lack Of E-Commerce Hurts. Forbes. [online] 19 Jan. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterloeb/2021/01/20/why-primarks-lack-of-e-commerce-hurts/ [Accessed 5 April 2023].

‌Long, X. and Nasiry, J. (2022) Sustainability in the Fast Fashion Industry. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 24(3):1276-1293. https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.1054

Low, J. (2022). Buy Now, Pay Later is Luxury’s Newest Friend. [online] LUXUO. Available at: https://www.luxuo.com/editors-picks/buy-now-pay-later-is-luxurys-newest-friend.html [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Luxe Digital. (2023). Sustainable Luxury: Millennials Buy Into Socially Conscious Brands. [online] Luxe Digital. Available at: https://luxe.digital/business/digital-luxury-trends/millennials-buy-sustainable-luxury/ [Accessed 9 March 2023].

‌Luxury Tribune (2022). What economic consequences will the conflict in Ukraine have on luxury? [online] Luxury Tribune. Available at: https://www.luxurytribune.com/en/what-economic-consequences-will-the-conflict-in-ukraine-have-on-luxury [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Lyons, K. (2021). Kelly Lyons. [online] Available at: https://www.semrush.com/blog/competitive-analysis/ [Accessed 25 February 2023].

Lyst Insights. (2023). The Lyst Index: Fashion’s Hottest Brands and Products Q1 2023. [online] Available at: https://www.lyst.com/data/the-lyst-index/q123/ [Accessed 28 March 2023].

Mackelden, A. (2017). The Balenciaga x Crocs Collaboration Is... Surprising. [online] ELLE. Available at: https://www.elle.com/fashion/trend-reports/a12667397/the-balenciaga-x-crocs-collaboration-is-very-surprising/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

MacRae, D. (2022). Primark steps up role of digital with launch of new website. [online] Marketing Tech News. Available at: https://www.marketingtechnews.net/news/2022/apr/25/primark-steps-up-role-of-digital-with-launch-of-new-website/ [Accessed 16 March 2023].

Madsen A.C., (2022). 5 Things To Know About Christian Dior’s SS22 Haute Couture Show. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/gallery/dior-ss22-couture [Accessed 7 March 2023].

Maguire, L. (2021). Balenciaga launches on Fortnite: What it means for luxury. [online] Vogue Business. Available at: https://www.voguebusiness.com/technology/balenciaga-launches-on-fortnite-what-it-means-for-luxury [Accessed 28 May 2023].

‌Maguire, L. (2021). From Dior to Chanel, luxury bets big on YouTube. [online] Vogue Business. Available at: https://www.voguebusiness.com/technology/from-dior-to-chanel-luxury-bets-big-on-youtube [Accessed 18 March 2023].

Maguire, L. (2023). Unlocking Gen Z’s luxury spending power in 2023. [online] Vogue Business. Available at: https://www.voguebusiness.com/consumers/unlocking-gen-zs-luxury-spending-power-in-2023 [Accessed 27 February 2023].

Mailchimp. (2023). Direct Email Marketing 101: A Complete Guide | Mailchimp. [online] Available at: https://mailchimp.com/resources/direct-email-marketing/ [Accessed 23 March 2023].

Mallevays, P. (2023). Luxury’s Race to the Top. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/luxury/luxurys-race-to-the-top/ [Accessed 7 May 2023].

‌Mantoux, A. (2022). The war in Ukraine forces luxury brands to take a stand. [online] Luxury Tribune. Available at: https://www.luxurytribune.com/en/the-war-in-ukraine-forces-luxury-brands-to-take-a-stand [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Maoui, Z. (2022). Stop everything! The Yeezy Gap x Balenciaga collection has landed. [online] British GQ. Available at: https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/fashion/article/yeezy-gap-balenciaga-collection-july-2022 [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Martell, L. (2023). Targeting luxury consumers: The new rules of engagement for media. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/bestprac/targeting-luxury-consumers-the-new-rules-of-engagement-for-media/149784 [Accessed 5 April 2023]

Martino, F. (2021). How Demna Gvasalia changed Balenciaga, again. [online] Available at: https://www.nssmag.com/en/fashion/27476/balenciaga-demna-gvasalia-met [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Matches Fashion. (2023). Balenciaga for Women | Shop Online at MATCHESFASHION UK. [online] Available at: https://www.matchesfashion.com/womens/designers/balenciaga [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Maxwell, S. (2023). The evolution of ‘bespoke’: Emerging opportunities for personalisation in luxury. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/bestprac/the-evolution-of-bespoke-emerging-opportunities-for-personalisation-in-luxury/149806 [Accessed 17 March 2023].

‌Mayes, J. (2022). U.K. Bans Luxury Goods Exports to Russia Over War in Ukraine. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-15/u-k-bans-export-of-luxury-goods-to-russia-imposes-new-tariffs?leadSource=uverify%20wall [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌McDowell, C. (2015). Cristóbal Balenciaga (1895-1972). [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/news-analysis/cristobal-balenciaga-1895-1972/ [Accessed 10 March 2023].

McLaughlin, S. (2022). Everything you need to know ahead of the opening of the new Primark Belfast. [online] BelfastLive. Available at: https://www.belfastlive.co.uk/whats-on/shopping/primark-belfast-everything-you-need-25393319 [Accessed 12 March 2023].

Menkes, S. (2017). Cristóbal Balenciaga: The Legend and the Legacy | British Vogue. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/gallery/suzy-menkes-v-and-a-cristobal-balenciaga-the-legend-and-the-legacy [Accessed 18 February 2023].

Merlo, O., Eisingerich, A.B. and Hoyer, W.D. (2023). Immunizing customers against negative brand-related information. [online] doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-023-00929-3.

Merlo, O., Eisingerich, A.B., Gillingwater, R. and Jia Jocelyn Cao (2022). Exploring the changing role of brand archetypes in customer-brand relationships: Why try to be a hero when your brand can be more? [online] doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2022.11.001.

Militano, H. (2022). The Museum at FIT Opens Its New Exhibit Charting the Legacies of Cristóbal Balenciaga and Christian Dior. [online] Available at: https://graziamagazine.com/us/articles/museum-fit-exhibit-cristobal-balenciaga-christian-dior/ [Accessed 5 March 2023].

Moin, D. (2023). Saks.com Releases Its Latest Luxury Pulse Survey. [online] WWD. Available at: https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/saks-surveys-luxury-consumers-1235564108/ [Accessed 11 March 2023].

Montgomery, J. (2023). Why ‘Quiet Luxury’ Is Set To Be 2023’s Biggest Fashion Trend. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/quiet-luxury-trend [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Moran, S. (2021). Statistics on the Luxury Market Spending Patterns - GWI. [online] GWI. Available at: https://blog.gwi.com/chart-of-the-week/luxury-buyers/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Morletto, E. (2023). Kering: weak growth in Q1 2023. [online] Luxury Tribune. Available at: https://www.luxurytribune.com/en/kering-weak-growth-in-q1-2023 [Accessed 28 April 2023].

‌Mower, S. (2022). Balenciaga Fall 2022 Ready-to-Wear Collection. [online] Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/fall-2022-ready-to-wear/balenciaga [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Muret, D. (2023). Kering reviews its strategy following Balenciaga ad controversy. [online] FashionNetwork.com. Available at: https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/Kering-reviews-its-strategy-following-balenciaga-ad-controversy,1486738.html [Accessed 15 March 2023].

Neumann, H.L., Martinez, L.M. and Martinez, L.F. (2021), "Sustainability efforts in the fast fashion industry: consumer perception, trust and purchase intention", Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 571-590. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-11-2019-0405

‌Neumann, J. (2022). Mini-Splurges Decline as Shoppers Feel the Pinch of Inflation. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-09/gucci-slippers-balenciaga-belts-inflation-hurts-cheaper-luxury-products?leadSource=uverify%20wall [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Newbold, A. (2021). The Simpsons Make A PFW Cameo For Balenciaga. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/the-simpsons-balenciaga [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Nicholls-Lee, D. (2022). The hidden meanings behind fashion’s most dramatic colour. [online] BBC. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20221003-the-hidden-meanings-behind-fashions-most-dramatic-colour [Accessed 9 March 2023].

Nogueira, E., Gomes, S. and Lopes, J.M. (2023). Triple Bottom Line, Sustainability, and Economic Development: What Binds Them Together? A Bibliometric Approach. [online] 15(8), pp.6706–6706. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086706.

Northman, T. (2022). Looking Back at Balenciaga’s Wildest Releases. [online] Available at: https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/balenciaga-crazy-items-releases/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

‌Northman, T.. (2022). Enter Balenciaga’s Virtual Reality. [online] Available at: https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/balenciaga-spring-summer-2022-campaign/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

NSS Magazine. (2023). Balenciaga’s fall 23 took mirror selfies to the next level. [online] Available at: https://www.nssmag.com/en/fashion/33038/balenciaga-mirror-selfies-fall-23-clogs [Accessed 8 May 2023].

O’Shea, L. (2023). Widening the aperture on emerging trends in luxury. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/warc-exclusive/widening-the-aperture-on-emerging-trends-in-luxury/149623 [Accessed 21 March 2023]

Oh, I. (2022). Luxury marketing – Three surprising facts advertisers need to know | Amazon Ads. [online] Amazon Ads. Available at: https://advertising.amazon.com/blog/luxury-marketing [Accessed 18 February 2023].

Omololu, E. (2023). Why Are Balenciaga Shoes so Expensive? 7 Reasons Why - So Expensive. [online] soexpensive.org. Available at: https://soexpensive.org/why-are-balenciaga-shoes-so-expensive/#:~:text=Balenciaga%20shoes%20are%20expensive%20due,contributes%20to%20its%20high%20prices. [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Padia, V. (2022). The Balenciaga Success Story: How It Became One Of The Biggest Names In Fashion. [online] Available at: https://www.therichest.com/rich-powerful/the-balenciaga-success-story-how-it-became-one-of-the-biggest-names-in-fashion/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Pallister, B. (2023). What is the Ansoff Matrix? [online] Innovolo. Available at: https://innovolo-group.com/innovation-en/innovation-terminology-en/what-is-the-ansoff-matrix/ [Accessed 2 April 2023].

Palmer, A. (2021). “The Elusive Balenciaga.” Balda, Ana (ed.) I International Cristóbal Balenciaga Conference Proceedings. Getaria: Cristóbal Balenciaga Foundation, pp.15-32.

‌Pangarkar, A., Arora, V. and Shukla, Y. (2022). Exploring phygital omnichannel luxury retailing for immersive customer experience: The role of rapport and social engagement. [online] 68, pp.103001–103001. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103001.

‌Parkes, J. (2021). Balenciaga collaborates with Simpsons to launch Spring Summer collection. [online] Dezeen. Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2021/10/07/balenciaga-spring-summer-2022-the-simpsons-fashion/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

‌Parkes, J. (2022). Balenciaga dedicates Autumn Winter 2022 show to the climate crisis and the war in Ukraine. [online] Dezeen. Available at: https://www.dezeen.com/2022/03/15/balenciaga-autumn-winter-2022-fashion-show-design/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Pastore, A. (2022). Klarna Reveals Luxury Consumer Behavior Data in Latest Report. [online] WWD. Available at: https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/klarna-luxury-consumer-behavior-report-1235040298/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Paton, E. (2017). Balenciaga, Fashion’s Original Provocateur. The New York Times. [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/25/fashion/balenciaga-exhibition-vanda-museum.html [Accessed 9 March 2023].

Pauly, A. (2022). Balenciaga’s Pre-Loved Program Boasts the Biggest Bang for Your Resale Buck. [online] Available at: https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/balenciaga-resell-resale-program/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Pauly, A. (2022). Something New for the 1%: Private Chanel Stores. [online] Available at: https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/chanel-private-stores/ [Accessed 22 April 2023].

Pauly, A. (2022). Thanks to Ye, Balenciaga Remains Fashion’s Hottest Brand. [online] Available at: https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/lyst-index-q4-2021-ranking-balenciaga/ [Accessed 26 February 2023].

Pavlov, B. (2021). “Cristóbal Balenciaga: Master of Geometric Design.” Balda, Ana (ed.) I International Cristóbal Balenciaga Conference Proceedings. Getaria: Cristóbal Balenciaga Foundation, 81-99

‌Payer, A. (2022). The 13 Best Celebrity Chanel Outfits of Recent History. [online] Who What Wear UK. Available at: https://www.whowhatwear.co.uk/celebrity-chanel-outfits [Accessed 9 March 2023].

Pearse, J. (2021). What can brands and marketers learn from the Balenciaga effect? - New Digital Age. [online] New Digital Age. Available at: https://newdigitalage.co/agencies/what-can-brands-and-marketers-learn-from-the-balenciaga-effect/ [Accessed 4 March 2023].

Portee, A. (2023). Balenciaga Falls From Lyst’s Top Ten Index, While Prada, Valentino, And Moncler Rise In The Q4 Ranking. Forbes. [online] 6 Feb. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/allysonportee/2023/02/03/balenciaga-falls-from-lysts-top-ten-index-while-prada-valentino-and-moncler-rise-in-the-q4-ranking/ [Accessed 28 February 2023].

Powless, S. (2021). Step Inside Fendi’s Rome Headquarters for the House’s Latest Exhibition. [online] CR Fashion Book. Available at: https://crfashionbook.com/fashion-a38110294-step-inside-fendis-rome-headquarters-for-the-houses-latest-exhibition/ [Accessed 20 March 2023].

PricewaterhouseCoopers (2023). Megatrends | PwC. [online] PwC. Available at: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/megatrends.html [Accessed 17 February 2023].

‌Queue-It (2022). 23 successful & unexpected brand collaboration examples for inspiration in 2023. [online] Queue-it. Available at: https://queue-it.com/blog/product-drop-brand-collaboration-examples/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

‌Rascouet, A. (2023). Balenciaga Partners With National Children’s Alliance Following Ad Controversy. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-02-08/balenciaga-partners-with-children-focused-ngo-after-controversy [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Rascouet, A. and Patel, T. (2023). Chanel Makes Bigger UK Bet With London Office Expansion Plan. [online] Bloomberg.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-25/chanel-makes-bigger-uk-bet-with-london-office-expansion-plans?leadSource=uverify%20wall [Accessed 21 March 2023].

Reference List

Retail SEE Group (2021). Primark Expanding its Network Across Europe & US - Retailsee.com. [online] Retailsee.com. Available at: https://retailsee.com/primark-expanding-network-europe-us/ [Accessed 18 March 2023].

Reuters (2022). UK budget fashion chain Primark to invest 140 mln stg in stores. [online] Reuters. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/primark-invest-140-mln-stg-uk-stores-over-next-two-years-2022-11-25/ [Accessed 26 May 2023].

Riili, V. and Bezze, L. (2022). 4 trends that will define the future of luxury and fashion. [online] Think with Google. Available at: https://www.thinkwithgoogle.com/intl/en-154/consumer-insights/consumer-journey/the-future-of-luxury-and-fashion/?utm_source=luxe.digital [Accessed 7 March 2023].

Rodgers, D. (2022). Chanel and Saint Laurent team up to tackle fakes, and more fashion news. [online] Dazed. Available at: https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/55444/1/louis-vuitton-chanel-fakes-prada-riders-republic-virgil-abloh-bad-bunny-bootlegs [Accessed 16 March 2023].

‌Rodgers, D. (2023). Balenciaga has partnered with the National Children Alliance. [online] Dazed. Available at: https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/58145/1/balenciaga-child-abuse-national-children-alliance-demna-aw23-fashion-week [Accessed 28 May 2023].

‌Rodgers, D. (2023). Metaverse Fashion Week 2023: log on or touch grass? [online] Dazed. Available at: https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/58534/1/metaverse-fashion-week-2023-decentraland-events-nft-blockchain-luxury-wearables [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Rogers, C. (2021). Primark hails ‘critical role’ of digital marketing amid wider online push. [online] Marketing Week. Available at: https://www.marketingweek.com/primark-digital-marketing/ [Accessed 26 May 2023].

Roland, L and Hamill, A. (2023). WARC Talks: 3 in 15 – Luxury marketing in an era of change. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/warc-talks-3-in-15--luxury-marketing-in-an-era-of-change/150161 [Accessed 29 April 2023].

Rowe, A. (2023). Email Marketing Cost 2023 : What will it really cost? [online] Available at: https://tech.co/digital-marketing/email-marketing-cost [Accessed 25 April]

‌Rydzek, C. (2022). How is the fashion industry reacting to the invasion of Ukraine? - TheIndustry.fashion. [online] TheIndustry.fashion. Available at: https://www.theindustry.fashion/fashion-reacting-to-the-invasion-of-the-ukraine/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Safian-Demers, E. (2021). The post-COVID luxury landscape: Gen Z, digital couture and retail-tainment. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/warc-exclusive/the-post-covid-luxury-landscape-gen-z-digital-couture-and-retail-tainment/139604 [Accessed 12 March 2023].

Salamone, L. (2021). 5 things to know about Balenciaga’s Couture collection. [online] Available at: https://www.nssmag.com/en/fashion/26937/balenciaga-couture [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Salonga, B. (2023). The Rise Of Quiet Luxury And Why It Is Here To Stay. Forbes. [online] 19 Apr. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/biancasalonga/2023/04/12/the-rise-of-quiet-luxury-and-why-it-is-here-to-stay/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Samoylenko, K. (2023). Luxury marketing: Examining the ‘new normal’ after COVID-19. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/warc-research/luxury-marketing-examining-the-new-normal-after-covid-19/149658 [Accessed 18 March 2023].

Santamaria, B. (2016). Primark to upgrade headquarters in Reading. [online] FashionNetwork.com. Available at: https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/-primark-to-upgrade-headquarters-in-reading,618307.html [Accessed 7 April 2023].

‌Santo, A. (2023). The Cost of Email Marketing and How to Budget For It (Infographic) | Brafton. [online] Brafton. Available at: https://www.brafton.co.uk/blog/email-marketing/cost-of-email-marketing/ [Accessed 26 April 2023].

Satenstein, L. (2022). Kim Kardashian, Nicole Kidman And Dua Lipa Walk The Runway At Balenciaga AW22 Couture. [online] British Vogue. Available at: https://www.vogue.co.uk/fashion/article/kim-kardashian-nicole-kidman-balenciaga-couture-aw22 [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Saunders, B. (2021). Balenciaga Steps Into the Metaverse With New Business Unit. [online] Hypebeast. Available at: https://hypebeast.com/2021/12/balenciaga-metaverse-business-unit-info [Accessed 14 February 2023].

Savoy, S. (2021). Everything to Know About Cristóbal Balenciaga. [online] WWD. Available at: https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/cristobal-balenciaga-everything-to-know-1234985275/ [Accessed 12 February 2023].

Schorah, S. and Zoumpoulias, C. (2023). Towards a sustainable fashion and luxury sector [online] Deloitte. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/blog/consumer-business/2023/towards-a-sustainable-fashion-and-luxury-sector.html [Accessed 7 March 2023].

Sender Ceron, T. (2022). Fashion - Inclusivity and Diversity - UK - 2022 - Market Research Report. [online] Available at: https://reports-mintel-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/display/1100603/?fromSearch=%3Ffreetext%3Dtransparency%26resultPosition%3D5 [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Sender Ceron, T. (2023). Menswear - UK - 2023 - Market Research Report. [online] Available at: https://reports-mintel-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/display/1156817/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Sender Ceron, T. (2023). Womenswear - UK - 2023: Savvy Shopping Behaviours. [online] Available at: https://reports-mintel-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/display/1189003/?fromSearch=%3Ffreetext%3Dwomenswear%26resultPosition%3D1 [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Sevak, T. (2023). How brands and media can understand high net worth individuals. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/warc-research/how-brands-and-media-can-understand-high-net-worth-individuals/149796 [Accessed 16 February 2023].

Siahtiri, V., O'Cass, A., & Nabi, N. (2022). Unlocking consumer consideration set size formation for luxury services: A study of self-identification, brand status and anticipated emotions. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 46, 2488–2502. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12801

Sierra, B. (2023). The Sustainable Fashion Forum. [online] The Sustainable Fashion Forum. Available at: https://www.thesustainablefashionforum.com/pages/the-psychology-of-fast-fashion-exploring-the-complex-emotions-fast-fashion-evokes-in-consumers#:~:text=By%20making%20conscious%20choices%20to,and%20instead%20support%20positive%20change. [Accessed 7 March 2023].

‌Silbert, J. (2022). The Return of YEEZY GAP Engineered by Balenciaga. [online] Available at: https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/yeezy-gap-balenciaga-farfetch-drop-date/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Similarweb. (2023). Similarweb. [online] Available at: https://www.similarweb.com/website/balenciaga.com/#overview [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Similarweb.com. (2023). SimilarWeb PRO Demographics. [online] Available at: https://pro.similarweb.com/#/digitalsuite/websiteanalysis/audience-demographics/*/999/1m?webSource=Desktop&key=balenciaga.com [Accessed 9 February 2023].

Similarweb.com. (2023). SimilarWeb PRO. [online] Available at: https://pro.similarweb.com/#/digitalsuite/websiteanalysis/audience-interests/*/999/1m?webSource=Desktop&key=balenciaga.com [Accessed 12 February 2023].

Smith, F. (2022). Consumer Attitudes towards Luxury - UK - 2022 - Market Research Report. [online] Available at: https://reports-mintel-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/display/1101831/?fromSearch=%3Ffreetext%3Dluxury%26resultPosition%3D3 [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Smith, PR. (2022) Sostac Guide to your Perfect Digital Marketing Plan (8 vols). 2022 edn. PR Smith.

Socha, M. (2023). Gucci, Balenciaga Slowdowns Dent Kering’s Q4 and 2022 Results. [online] WWD. Available at: https://wwd.com/business-news/financial/kering-q4-results-gucci-balenciaga-scandal-1235525440/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Son, S-C., Bae, J. and Kim, K-H. (2023). An exploratory study on the perceived agility by consumers in luxury brand omni-channel. [online] 33(1), pp.154–166. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2022.2153261.

Song, H and Kim J-H. (2022). Developing a brand heritage model for time-honoured brands: extending signalling theory. [online] Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13683500.2021.1926441?scroll=top&needAccess=true&role=tab&aria-labelledby=full-article [Accessed 18 March 2023].

Sowray, B. (2017). A Look Back At Balenciaga’s Most Iconic Moments Through History. [online] ELLE. Available at: https://www.elle.com/uk/fashion/trends/articles/g31790/balenciagas-most-iconic-moments/ [Accessed 7 March 2023].

‌Spencer, M. (2023). Kering to name ‘brand safety’ boss after Balenciaga ad uproar. [online] Reuters. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/kering-name-group-level-image-executive-following-balenciaga-ad-controversy-2023-02-15/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Spencer, M. and Aloisi, S. (2023). Gucci China, US slump pushes Kering sales down 7%. [online] Reuters. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/gucci-slump-pushes-kering-sales-down-7-q4-2023-02-15/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Spiegel-Medill. (2021). The Consumer Engagement Engine Medill Spiegel Research Center. [online] Medill Spiegel Research Center. Available at: https://spiegel.medill.northwestern.edu/engagement-engine/ [Accessed 8 April 2023].

Spinks, A. (2022). 6 Balenciaga Collaborations Perfect For Streetwear Enthusiasts. [online] Chic Pursuit: The Best In Styling, Luxury Fashion, Beauty & Decor. Available at: https://chicpursuit.com/balenciaga-collaborations/ [Accessed 18 February 2023].

‌Starngage.com. (2015). Balenciaga’s Instagram Audience Analytics and Demographics | StarNgage. [online] Available at: https://starngage.com/app/global/influencer/detail/balenciaga [Accessed 1 March 2023].

‌Statista. (2022). Global revenue of the Kering Group, by brand 2022 | Statista. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/267476/global-revenue-of-the-kering-group-by-brand/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Statista. (2022). Luxury fashion brand awareness KPI ranking UK 2022 | Statista. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1345432/most-well-known-luxury-fashion-brands-in-the-uk/ [Accessed 26 February 2023].

Statista. (2023). Americans who own Balenciaga fashion or accessories 2018, by income | Statista. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/689362/affluent-americans-who-own-balenciaga-brand-apparel-accessories-footwear/ [Accessed 1 March 2023].

Stevens, B. (2021). Nike, Primark, H&M accused of ‘greenwashing’ as report reveals recycled polyester just as damaging to environment - Latest Retail Technology News From Across The Globe - Charged. [online] Available at: https://www.chargedretail.co.uk/2021/10/07/nike-primark-hm-accused-of-greenwashing-as-report-reveals-recycled-polyester-just-as-damaging-to-environment/ [Accessed 11 March 2023].

Stoy, L. (2020). This is What Greenwashing in Fast Fashion Looks Like. [online] Medium. Available at: https://lazarinastoy.medium.com/this-is-what-greenwashing-in-fast-fashion-looks-like-4e96ea41fa3c [Accessed 26 May 2023].

Stroom, M. (2023). CEO of Primark Netherlands talks the retailer’s repair service and the strategy behind it. [online] FashionUnited. Available at: https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/ceo-of-primark-netherlands-talks-the-retailer-s-repair-service-and-the-strategy-behind-it/2023010267035 [Accessed 10 April 2023].

‌Strunck, C. (2023). ‘Quiet luxury’ isn’t just a trend, it’s a lifestyle. [online] Harper’s BAZAAR. Available at: https://www.harpersbazaar.com/uk/culture/lifestyle_homes/a43516328/quiet-luxury-lifestyle/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

Sweney, M. and Butler, S. (2022). Primark to cut 400 managers to offset rising costs. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/jan/20/primark-to-cut-400-managers-to-offset-rising-costs [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Tapper, J. and Fisher, A. (2022). Luxury goods boom in Britain as super-rich youngsters buck the recession. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/nov/20/luxury-goods-boom-in-britain-as-the-young-rich-and-mortgage-free-buck-the-recession [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Tarver, E., Khartit, K. and Perez, Y. (2023). Market Segmentation: Definition, Example, Types, Benefits. [online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketsegmentation.asp [Accessed 10 March 2023].

‌Templeton, L. (2023). Balenciaga, Kering Foundation Announce National Children’s Alliance Partnership. [online] WWD. Available at: https://wwd.com/fashion-news/designer-luxury/balenciaga-kering-foundation-national-childrens-alliance-partnership-three-year-program-ad-scandal-1235511682/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

TFL (2022). Kering Adopts ‘Greenwashing’ Guide Amid Rising Scrutiny. [online] The Fashion Law. Available at: https://www.thefashionlaw.com/kering-adopts-greenwashing-guide-to-aid-brands-in-making-sustainability-claims/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

The Business Of Fashion and McKinsey & Co. (2022). The Year Ahead: Gender-Fluid Fashion Hits the High Street. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/retail/the-state-of-fashion-2023-report-gender-neutral-fluid-fashion-gen-z-consumers/ [Accessed 28 May 2023].

The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (2018). House of Balenciaga | Coat | French | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. [online] Available at: https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/771118 [Accessed 5 March 2023].

United Nations. (2023). Sustainability | United Nations. [online] United Nations. Available at: https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/sustainability [Accessed 15 March 2023].

VERB Brands. (2023). An insight into the HNW consumer and what they look to luxury for | VERB Brands. [online] VERB Brands. Available at: https://verbbrands.com/news/thoughts/an-insight-into-the-hnw-consumer-and-what-they-look-to-luxury-for/ [Accessed 17 April 2023].

VERB Brands. (2023). Luxury Digital Trends 2023: Looking ahead | VERB Brands. [online] VERB Brands. Available at: https://verbbrands.com/news/thoughts/luxury-digital-trends-2023-looking-ahead/ [Accessed 18 March 2023].

VERB Brands. (2023). The Luxury Space in 2023 | VERB Brands. [online] VERB Brands. Available at: https://verbbrands.com/news/thoughts/the-luxury-space-in-2023/ [Accessed 3 March 2023].

Victoria and Albert Museum. (2017). Introducing Cristóbal Balenciaga · V&A. [online] Available at: https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/introducing-cristobal-balenciaga [Accessed 17 February 2023].

Victoria and Albert Museum. (2017). Secrets of Balenciaga’s construction · V&A. [online] Available at: https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/secrets-of-balenciagas-construction [Accessed 9 March 2023].

Vives, M. (2020). Foreword—First International Cristóbal Balenciaga Conference Proceedings. Cristobal Balenciaga Museoa [online] Available at: https://www.cristobalbalenciagamuseoa.com/default/documentos/553_es-.pdf

Vock, M. (2020). Luxurious and responsible? Consumer perceptions of corporate social responsibility efforts by luxury versus mass-market brands. [online] 29(6), pp.569–583. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-022-00281-x.

Vogue Business (2021). Meet the fashion designers specialising in the art of self-expression. [online] Vogue Business. Available at: https://www.voguebusiness.com/fashion/meet-the-fashion-designers-specialising-in-the-art-of-self-expression [Accessed 15 March 2023].

Vogue Business Data (2022). Louis Vuitton reclaims top spot in Vogue Business Index. [online] Vogue Business. Available at: https://www.voguebusiness.com/companies/louis-vuitton-reclaims-top-spot-in-vogue-business-index [Accessed 14 March 2023].

Vogue Business For Rakuten. (2022). Fashion and finance: The new economic realities of luxury consumers. [online] Vogue Business. Available at: https://www.voguebusiness.com/consumers/fashion-and-finance-the-new-economic-realities-of-luxury-consumers-rakuten [Accessed 16 March 2023].

‌Waite, T. (2023). Can the metaverse reshape the future of fashion in 2023? [online] Dazed. Available at: https://www.dazeddigital.com/fashion/article/57850/1/can-the-metaverse-reshape-the-future-of-fashion-in-2023-vr-ar-meta-decentraland [Accessed 27 May 2023].

‌Wang, Z., Yuan, R., Liu, M.J. and Luo, J. (2022), "Luxury symbolism, self-congruity, self-affirmation and luxury consumption behavior: a comparison study of China and the US", International Marketing Review, Vol. 39 No. 2, pp. 166-206. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-02-2021-0090

WARC Best Practice. (2022). What we know about luxury shoppers. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/bestprac/what-we-know-about-luxury-shoppers/111101 [Accessed 5 March 2023].

WARC Best Practice. (2023). The WARC Guide to luxury marketing in an era of change. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/bestprac/the-warc-guide-to-luxury-marketing-in-an-era-of-change/150091 [Accessed 5 March 2023]

WARC Best Practice. (2023). What we know about luxury brands. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/article/bestprac/what-we-know-about-luxury-brands/107301 [Accessed 26 February 2023].

WARC. (2021). Luxury buyers keep spending, but their profile is changing | WARC | The Feed. [online] Available at: https://www-warc-com.northampton.idm.oclc.org/content/feed/luxury-buyers-keep-spending-but-their-profile-is-changing/7723 [Accessed 9 March 2023].

Wassel, B. (2023). Prada Expands Relationship with Adobe to Deepen Omnichannel Personalization Capabilities. [online] Retail TouchPoints. Available at: https://www.retailtouchpoints.com/topics/omnichannel-alignment/prada-expands-relationship-with-adobe-to-deepen-omnichannel-personalization-capabilities [Accessed 18 March 2023].

Wei, A. (2023). Balenciaga Drops Out of Lyst’s Top 10 Hottest Brands Ranking. [online] Fashionista. Available at: https://fashionista.com/2023/02/lyst-index-top-popular-brands-products-2022-q4-balenciaga [Accessed 3 March 2023].

‌Wells, V., Athwal, N., Nervino, E. and Carrigan, M. (2021), "How legitimate are the environmental sustainability claims of luxury conglomerates?", Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 697-722. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-09-2020-0214

Wells, V., Athwal, N., Nervino, E. and Carrigan, M. (2021), "How legitimate are the environmental sustainability claims of luxury conglomerates?", Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Vol. 25 No. 4, pp. 697-722. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-09-2020-0214

Weston, P. (2023). H&M, Kering Among Companies Piloting Science-Based Targets for Nature. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/sustainability/hm-kering-among-companies-piloting-science-based-targets-for-nature/ [Accessed 24 May 2023].

Williams, R. (2022). Inside the $7 Billion Dior Phenomenon | Download the Case Study. [online] The Business of Fashion. Available at: https://www.businessoffashion.com/case-studies/luxury/christian-dior-strategy-lvmh-pietro-beccari-maria-grazia-chiuri-kim-jones/ [Accessed 4 March 2023].

‌Wilson, J. (2022). How the Fashion Act Hopes to Change the Fashion Industry for Good - Earth Day. [online] Earth Day. Available at: https://www.earthday.org/how-the-fashion-act-hopes-to-change-the-fashion-industry-for-good/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].

Zargani, L. (2023). Prada Group’s New Managerial Structure. [online] WWD. Available at: https://wwd.com/business-news/business-features/prada-group-new-managerial-structure-1235456409/ [Accessed 15 March 2023].

Zeitune, L. (2021) Popularizing Haute Couture: A Balenciaga Brand Case Study. Art and Design Review, 9, 46-57. doi: 10.4236/adr.2021.91004.

Zhadan, A. (2023). Primark expands click-and-collect trial to London. [online] Available at: https://www.chargedretail.co.uk/2023/04/25/primark-click-and-collect/ [Accessed 28 April 2023].

‌Zwieglinska, Z. (2022). How gamification will impact the future of shopping. [online] Glossy. Available at: https://www.glossy.co/fashion/how-gamification-will-impact-the-future-of-shopping/ [Accessed 27 May 2023].